Small Business Buying, Building and Selling

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To my knowledge, there is no other blog or book or lesson or presenter who shows someone the basic pieces necessary to generate wealth with real world experience as I will. It’s the nuts and bolts of the whole buy, build, sell process.

There are basically 4 steps:

1. Preparing – What you need to know prior to getting started.
2. Buying – How to find, value, negotiate, and purchase a business.
3. Building – What you can do quickly to increase the value of the business.
4. Selling – The ins and outs of selling your business.

Preparing

Ironically, as my most recent blog has pointed out (it’s ironic because it took me 18 months to write the blog that I should have written first), the most important part is your mindset and your attitude. Next, you’ll also need to take the first 3 steps to becoming wealthy including, always spending less than you earn, understanding the difference between where you are and where you want to be is education, and framing your goals into  Do x Be = Have context. Possibly most importantly, you need to have a clear motivation for being an entrepreneur (even if it’s different than mine) and you need to appreciate that the ethical route is always the most profitable. And make sure you’re able to get over your fear of failure in trying new things.

It’s important to understand that there’s no better, quicker way to go from very little money (let’s say less than $5,000) to a lot of money. You can even take it to the next level and setup a business to generate $1,000,000 per year if that’s your desire. Recently, as part of another blog, I’ve outlined a basic plan for how someone can go from $5,000 or less to $1,000,000 primarily through business. To stress the point even further that buy, build, sell is the best way to generate wealth for the average individual, review my suggestion to skip getting your MBA and just buy a small business for your business education.

Buying

In the buy, build, sell strategy, the part that will have the greatest influence on your profit is the purchase price so learn as much as you can for this stage.

First, you’ll want to know some basic questions to ask the seller about their business and maybe even what questions to ask about any given business idea. Then you’ll have to understand how banks value a business in case you need to go to them for financing and also how EBIDTA can tie into business values (since sellers and business brokers may reference it). As you start looking for businesses, you need to have some ideas of where to find businesses for sale for little money down and how to deal with the business brokers once you find one you’re interested in.

Before you start making any offers, it’s very important that you get the seller (or broker) to like you since then they’ll be more likely to accept your business valuation. It’s very simple to turn someone down you don’t like anyway. Once you’re ready to make an offer, make sure you only purchase the assets and then put them into an LLC filing as an S-corp. If you do that, you won’t have to spend nearly as much time fighting with lawyers. But since you may need one anyway here are a few tips for getting the best rates from your lawyer.

When you’re just starting out you may be considering a partner but make sure you don’t take on a business partner unless absolutely necessary.

Building

In the building stage you’re going to need to know what to do your first 2 weeks onsite at a business you’ve just purchased. If you don’t already know the difference between profits and cashflow, I’m sure you’ll learn very quickly.

Immediately you need to work on polarizing your company’s culture, improving teamwork, and communicating effectively. Right out of the gate you need to start setting up your business for running without you through the effective use of technology, incentives, and empowering your team. If you don’t do that immediately, you’ll soon be asked to do lots of things “in” the business that will take away from you working “on” the business. This is vitally important because if you’re not working on the business you’re not taking the time necessary to double profits, improve marketing, teach your team the importance of NLP, create systems, processes and scripts, or improve closing ratios. In other words, your primary focus for building value in your business is going to entail 3 parts:

1. Increasing Sales – through new and improved marketing and better conversion rates. In other words you have to make sure your system for taking a lead and converting it to a customer is top-notch. Don’t forget that your back-end sales (sales to existing customers) will always be your most profitable business. With that in mind, if you can buy an already profitable business that’s horrible at back-end sales you can quickly increase its value.
2. Cutting Costs – look at all of your expenses and simply cut those that aren’t needed. We reworked our accounting and phone costs alone to save thousands of dollars per year.
3. Improving Efficiencies – this is primarily about scripts, systems, and processes for every aspect of your business.

Don’t make the mistake I did and wait until cash gets tight to realize that cashflow is king and then start building recurring revenue while looking for quick, easy, cheap ways to generate immediate cashflow.

Chances are you’re going to run into some issues with team members so it’s helpful to know the proper way to fire someone without having to pay unemployment and effective ways to get your team members to do what they do best.

As you’re building your business you need to work on getting it to achieve critical mass by, in particular, hiring or training the 3 leaders every business needs to succeed.

In summary, you need to have a game plan from day one including an exit strategy or else you might end up like one of the 300 businesses in NYC who failed because they failed to plan for success.

Selling

Since this blog is getting long and selling isn’t much different than buying I’ll keep this short. You need to basically understand 3 things:

1. How to value your business just the same as discussed in buying so you can justify your price.
2. Where to list your business which is again the same places where you’d go to find a business for sale (such as bizbuysell.com)
3. How to foster relationships so that when it’s time to sell, you have a few personal contacts in mind.

With regards to the 3rd, you may want to get to know other business owners in your area who have complimentary (or even competing businesses). You may also consider hiring a leader who would like to take over and own their own business some day. If you have a franchise like mine, you will also want to stay in touch with owners in other areas as they might want to expand their operations.

The goal with this post is to organize and direct the many varied posts I’ve written about my adventure buying, building, and now selling my business over the last 18 months. As I add more posts I’ll try to keep this summary updated so you can always reference it for new material.

To your generating-wealth-through-business success, Bryan

Unless you’re a doctor, lawyer, or work on wall street most people will never be able to become millionaires without one or more of the above methods for generating wealth. As a matter of fact, less than 12% of millionaires get that way by virtue of their “jobs” according to The Millionaire Next Door. So what’s the easiest/best path to becoming a millionaire? Keep in mind, that we’re not talking about a get-rich-quick scheme, but instead the old fashioned way to make $1,000,000 as I blogged about before.

The most important concept to understand is leverage. The goal is always to do more with less. Whether that’s make more money with less invested or more money with less time, the more you can leverage your current assets the more quickly you’ll be able to acheive millionaire status. Now which option – stocks, real estate, or small business provide the greatest leverage?

In reverse order:

1. Stock market – Once you acheive $1,000,000 in your bank account you can put that into a CD at your local bank for 5% and live comfortably off of your $50,000 per year in interest. Also, once you acheive a net worth of over a million with income of over $250,000 your stock broker can get you access to buying public shares at wholesale prices. In other words, the more money you have to invest the cheaper your per share investment will be. The problem with stocks is that you have to have money to leverage the stock market. Unless of course you can convince a bunch of other people to invest with you in which case you can leverage their money. However if you did that you would no longer be an investor you’d be in business. Typically a stock market investment prior to becoming a millionaire might look something like this. You invest $5,000 after doing your thorough research on EBB LLC and after a year manage a 20% return. That’s a VERY ideal situation but if you did that you’d cash out in a year with $6,000 or $1,000 profit. Not bad but not a whole lot of leverage there. If instead you invested $20,000 and you’re the next Warren Buffet who can sustain a 20% annual return for 21.5 years you’d be a millionaire. That’s before taxes of course.
2. Real Estate – If you’ve been around real estate at all you’ve heard the often touted “statistic” that “real estate makes more people millionaires than anything else.” I say “statistic” because I’ve never seen hard evidence to back this up and even if someone produced it, I believe they’d be showing that people are paper millionaires. In other words, on paper their real estate is worth $1,000,000 if they sold it for a $1,000,000 but they don’t exactly have a million smackers in the bank. Real estate is beneficial however in that it gives you much greater leveraging power than the stock market. For instance if you buy a $100,000 property with $5,000 down (which would be tough these days) you would then have around a $600/month mortgage. If you then rent the property to someone else for $1000/month you now have a positive monthly cashflow of $400. Now here’s where the leverage comes in, if the property appreciates 5% in one year and then you sell it (by yourself of course since a realtor would take your profits), you would cash out with $14,800. Let’s say after insurance, maintenance, taxes and other expenses you actually walk away with $10,000. You invested $5k to begin with so you made $5,000 or a 100% return on your investment. Obviously this is an ideal situation however I’ve personally done nearly 100% in less than 22 months so it is definitely possible. If you were able to maintain a 50% return on your real estate investments every year by acquiring positive cashflow rental properties (with the first one worth $200,000) that appreciate at 5% annually you’d be a millionaire in a little less than 10 years. As a matter of fact, in Robert G. Allen’s book Nothing Down for the 2000s, he proposes just such a strategy to help you become a millionaire within 10 years. It’s actually a very good book that I personally credit for inspiring me to buy my first rental property at 21 while enrolled in engineering school. Obviously real estate offers quite a bit more leverage…
3. Small Business – Here’s the bottom line, with around $5,000 out of pocket I’ve structured a business purchase that has yielded me in perks and compensation more than a 14 fold return on my investment within 12 months. That’s right, a 1400% increase on my initial investment in less than 12 months. Keep in mind, that’s on my very first business purchase and that’s without even selling the business yet. Since I’ve nearly doubled the profits in the business in my first 12 months, I would tend to think that my ROI will actually be well in excess of a 20 fold increase on my money. To make the math a little simpler, a 20 fold increase would be like investing $5,000 and getting back $100,000.

Now to make the comparison more accurate we need to take into account 2 more crucial pieces:

1. Time
2. Taxes

The only time I ever made money in the stock market required me to invest a lot of time in research before investing. Once I make those investments I should just be able to stick with them for years and so very little “maintenance” is needed. However that’s the get-rich-slowly method since we have little to no leverage of our money. So if your time is very limited this may be what’s best for you. However with capital gains around 35% your actual profits will be much smaller since when you cash in your stocks you’ll be taxed around 35% on the profits. There are creative ways to reduce that number but in the interest of simplicity we’ll leave it as-is.

When I had my rental property while studying engineering I was able to sufficiently manage my house, classes (while averaging over 21 credits per term), and racing so, though the time investment was constant and sometimes unexpected (like the time when the toilet exploded when I was a state away), it shouldn’t take over your life. Once you get 10-15 properties that’s a different story. As for taxes, real estate actually can be a great tax shelter however if you’re making money and your properties are appreciating you’re probably looking at close to 30% in taxes. I say that because capital gains on your profit will still be 35% however you have more deductions and, if you run it like a business, you can give yourself perks like business travel, laptops, mileage reimbursement, etc.

My business nearly consumes all of my time. Ironically, at the same time, I have more freedom now than I’ve ever had before as either a student or under the employ of someone else. In other words, I may have to trade a Saturday this weekend for skipping out next Friday for a long weekend but I don’t have to ask permission to do so. Overall my business is a full-time job that could still afford me the time for stock market investing and real estate speculation, but could not afford me (at this point) time for a normal full-time job. With 1-3 rental homes it’s very possible to have a normal full time job. The tax benefits of a business are so many and varied that I pay less than 20% of total income in income taxes.

If we take all of those into account here’s how our returns actually look:

1. Stock Market – (after taxes and assuming a normal full-time job) $650 or 13%
2. Real Estate – (after taxes and assuming a normal full-time job) $3,500 or 70%
3. Small Business – (after taxes and deducting the salary I’ve been offered as an engineer) – $18,000 or 420%

So even after taking into account both my time investment (which wouldn’t be nearly as flexible working for someone else as an engineer) and tax consequences, investing in a Small Business as your first step to generating wealth is the best one because it offers by far the greatest leverage. Don’t forget that my ROI for Small Business still assumes that I make absolutely no additional profit when I sell the business. Obviously I don’t plan on that happening.

To your wealth generating success, Bryan

P.S. My original out of pocket expenses for my business purchase were all lawyers fees that were reimbursed by my new business shortly after buying it which meant my inital cash investment was tied up for maybe 90 days versus the entire year for both stocks and real estate.

Let’s face it, few of us are going to come up with a business model to rival Bill Gates (Microsoft), Mark Zuckerberg (Facebook), Tom Anderson (Myspace), or Larry Page and Sergey Brin (Google). Even fewer of us, given that brilliant idea, have the resources, connections, and outright talent to make our first business a multi-billion dollar enterprise over night. Yes it’s possible. However so is winning the lottery, getting attacked by a shark, and getting struck by lightning. The old fashioned way of creating an income of $1,000,000 per year is a bit different. The most common path requires you to own your own business. So your goal should obviously be to own your own business. That million bucks per year will be nice, however the true blessing of being a business owner is control over your most valuable asset – your time.

Now let’s clarify our goals by answering a few questions:

1. How much money do you want to make?
2. How much time do you want to spend working once your business is done?
3. How much time are you willing to spend building a business?

1. How much money do you want to make? Let’s say you want to make a million dollars per year. That’s over $83,000 per month, $19,230 per week, and $2740 per day. Would that satisfy you? If not, add your number in here. It helps to figure out and visualize EXACTLY how you’re going to spend your $2740 per day. The mind doesn’t know the difference between dreams and reality so start conditioning your mind now for that lifestyle and it’ll be a lot easier to get there.

Now that you have a target, here’s how you’re going to get it. Become a master at business and start searching for great businesses to buy and grow. If you want a million dollars, all you need to do is own a business that does $5 million in sales per year with a net profit of 20%. Twenty percent of $5 million is $1 million. Or find a business that does $10 million in sales with a net profit of 10%. Ten percent of $10 million is again $1 million.  I wouldn’t look for a business that can’t accomplish at least a 10% net profit.

2. How much time do you want to spend working once the business is done? – Some people like to work and there’s nothing wrong with that. I work extremely hard right now, but it’s not because I have an unhealthy infatuation with it. If I had a trust fund I’m sure I’d be investing in businesses but I’d also be traveling, racing, engineering, and spending a lot less time working… Eventually I’d like to work less than 10 hours a week without ever coming into the office. How about you? If you’re going to buy a business and be the service leader, sales leader, and customer service representative then you’re never going to get out from under it. The only things that can truly be done remotely are marketing and communications…  If you’re an owner taking on more then marketing and communication with your leaders then either plan to delegate or find another business. The other option is to sell your business once completed and live off of interest or rental properties…

3. How much time are you willing spend to build a business? Let’s face it, if you want to make a million dollars per year, it will probably take a bit longer than if you’re happy with $100,000. So if you’ve educated yourself, have some money saved up, have some decent connections, and already know how to negotiate, you can probably be making $100,000 per year within 2-3 years. Less if you’re really good. To turn that into a million per year will probably take another 5-7. Michael Masterson even wrote a book called Seven Years to Seven Figures: The Fast-Track Plan to Becoming a Millionaire which is worth a read. Realistically if you can do what you want with $10,000 per month, then why keep on working to make that $80,000 per month? Do you really need that much to enjoy life? If so, go for it.

There’s really only one trick to this… If you HATE business then forget about it. You’ll never be an expert at something you hate and obviously to achieve these goals you have to become an expert. If you only kinda like business then go for it. You’ll be amazed at how much more you’ll enjoy it when you start making regular deposits into your bank account.   Keep in mind, the business building doesn’t have to be your life – it’s just a means to an end if that’s what you want it to be. Determine what you want right now, though, before you get started!

Now that you have your clearly defined plan, you need to put it into action. Sell your PS3 and X-box, get rid of your television, and get to work. If you aren’t willing to make the sacrifices that provide you with the knowledge you need to make this goal a reality it’ll never happen anyway. The old fashioned way isn’t easy. It’s real work but with a real payoff. In my mind I’d rather work 80 hours per week when I’m in my 20’s so I can have some freedom later in life then work 40 hours per week for the next 40 years and have “nice” stuff all along the way. If you’re not willing to make that sacrifice, then just stop now and enjoy your 40 years in the work force. That doesn’t make you better or worse then me – just different. Granted, in my first 9 months at the businesses I’ve purchased I’ve spent over a month out of the office on trips. Some were business trips and some were vacation. I worked during all of them with the help of some technology, however I also had a lot of freedom to do other things. So, though I work really hard when I’m in town, I haven’t exactly given up my youth for the promise of a bright future. Life’s too short for all that. I have more freedom and time to enjoy life now then I have ever had while working for someone else.

Just today when I was coaching 1st and 2nd graders basketball, Andrew walked up to me and said “Coach, you should get a job like my dad.” “Oh really who does he work for?” “I don’t know but he can work whenever he wants he just has to let his boss know.” “Wow, that’s awesome Andrew, but I don’t have a boss.” His eyes got real big like only a 7 year old’s can – “So you can work whenever you want?” Laughing, I responded simply, “Sure.”  A 7 year old understands the greatest part of being your own boss is your freedom – do you?

To your success, Bryan